Michel eugene chevreul biography of william shakespeare


Michel-Eugène Chevreul, (born Aug. 31, , Angers, France - died April 9, , Paris), French chemist who elucidated the chemical composition of animal fats and whose theories of colour influenced the techniques of French painting.


Background And Education

Chevreul belonged to a family of surgeons. After receiving a private education during the French Revolution, in Chevreul entered a new scientific school in Angers.

In he left for Paris, intending to become a chemist. Nicolas Vauquelin, professor of chemistry at the Museum of Natural History, accepted him as his assistant.

Vauquelin wanted to isolate substances from animal and plant materials, and under his direction between Chevreul isolated several coloured substances from woods, three of which (brazilin, hematoxylin, and quercetin) became commercial dye ingredients.



His discoveries of animal substances included creatine (a substance synthesized mainly in the liver from various amino acids and stored in muscles to provide energy) and cholesterol.


Chemistry of Fats

During his extraordinarily long life, Chevreul saw organic chemistry develop from a rudimentary state to a well-organized science. He made two ma

Michel Eugène Chevreul

Michel-EugèneChevreul, circa 50, lithograph by Maurin
, engraving by Conrad Cook

Michel Eugène Chevreul was born in Angers on August 31, , where he studied Greek, Italian, botany, mathematics, physics and chemistry at the Ecole Centrale (University).

On completing his studies, in , he came to Paris to become a pupil, and later a preparator, for Vauquelin's course at the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Here he met such renowned scientists as Cuvier, Lamarck, St Hilaire and Jussieu.

In , he published his first works on the action of nitric acid on cork and his studies on coloring matters, whereas most chemists of the time were only interested in minerals. In , at the age of 24, Chevreul was appointed assistant naturalist at the Muséum, and in he was also appointed physics teacher at the Lycée Charlemagne in Paris, a post he held until

In , he tackled the problem of the constitution of fats, which would make him famous for shedding light on a little-known area of chemistry. In , he published a fundamental work entitled "Recherches chimiques sur les corps gras d'origine animale" ("Chemical research on fats of animal origin"). In this work, he pro

Chevreul on the Laws of Contrast of Colour

Discover Michel Eugéne Chevreul's groundbreaking theories on colour as he explores the principles of contrasting and harmonising colours in this classic text on colour theory.

First published in as De la Loi du Contraste Simultané Des Couleurs Atlas, Chevreul's work followed that of Isaac Newton and Johann Goethe. His comprehensive colour guide introduces the concept of simultaneous contrast, explaining how the perception of one colour is affected by those adjacent to it. His advances in colour science were foundational to modern colour theory, influencing artists, designers, and scientists alike.

This new edition from Read & Co. Books features the translation of the original French by John Spanton, accompanied by rich colour plates and a biography of the author. A classic text in the history of colour theory, this volume is perfect for those studying the subject or with an interest in colour application and its history.

Michel Eugène Chevreul



Michel Eugène Chevreul (August 31, – April 9, ) was an important French chemist whose work with fatty acids led to early applications in the fields of art and science. He is credited with discovering margarine and designing an early form of soap made from animal fats and salt. He also lived to and was a pioneer in the field of gerontology.

He was born in Angers, where his father was a physician. His birth certificate kept in the registry book of the town bears the signature of his father, grandfather and a great-uncle, all of whom were surgeons.

At about the age of seventeen he went to Paris and entered LN Vauquelin's chemical laboratory, afterwards becoming his assistant at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in the Jardin des Plantes. In he was appointed professor of chemistry at the Lycée Charlemagne, and subsequently undertook the directorship of the Gobelins tapestry works, where he carried out his researches on colour contrasts (De la loi du contraste simultané des couleurs, ; the English translation is titled The Principles of Harmony and Contrast of Colors). In he became a member of the Academy of Sciences, and in the


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