Sima Qian was born and grew up in Longmen, near present-day Hancheng, Shaanxi. He was raised in a family of astrologers. His father, Sima Tan, served as the Prefect of the Grand Scribes of Emperor Wu of Han (Emperor "Han Wudi"). His main responsibilities were managing the imperial library and maintaining or reforming the calendar. Due to the intensive training given by his father, by the age of ten, Sima Qian was already well versed in old writings. He was the student of the famous Confucians Kong Anguo and Dong Zhongshu. At the age of twenty, with the support of his father, Sima Qian started a journey throughout the country, collecting useful first-hand historical records for his main work, Shiji. The purpose of his journey was to verify the ancient rumors and legends and to visit ancient monuments, including the renowned graves of the ancient sage kings Yu and Shun. Places he had visited include Shandong, Yunnan, Hebei, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Hunan.
After his travels, he was chosen to be a Palace Attendant in the government whose duties were to inspect different parts of the country with Emperor Han Wudi. In BC, at the age of thirty-five, Sima Qian was
Sima Qian: Greatest Historian of China
Sima Qian (c. –87 BC) was a Chinese historian, astronomer, and calendar expert, renowned for writing the Shiji (&#;Historical Records&#;), the foremost history of China up to the 2nd century. Image: A sketch of Qian.
Sima Qian was born around BC in Longmen, Xiayang (now Hancheng, Shaanxi province), during the early Han dynasty. His father, Sima Tan, held the prestigious position of grand historian at the Han court from to BC. This role, sometimes translated as &#;astronomer royal,&#; was multifaceted, combining astronomical duties and calendar regulation with the responsibility of keeping a daily record of state events and court ceremonies. The office of grand historian was crucial in maintaining the cultural and political continuity of the Han dynasty through meticulous record-keeping and astronomical observations.
Sima Qian&#;s upbringing was steeped in scholarly pursuits, influenced heavily by his father&#;s intellectual endeavors. Sima Tan envisioned writing a comprehensive history of China, but his untimely death in BC left this ambitious project unfinished. This unfulfilled ambition profoundly impacted Sima Qian, insti
Quem é Sima Qian?
Sima Qian foi um renomado historiador e escritor da China antiga, ativo durante a dinastia Han, aproximadamente entre a.C. e 86 a.C. Ele é amplamente reconhecido como o &#;pai da história chinesa&#; devido à sua obra monumental, os &#;Registros do Historiador&#; (Shiji), que estabeleceu as bases para a historiografia na China. Sima Qian não apenas documentou eventos históricos, mas também analisou as causas e consequências desses eventos, oferecendo uma visão profunda da sociedade e da política de sua época.
A obra de Sima Qian
Os &#;Registros do Historiador&#; são considerados uma das mais importantes obras da literatura chinesa e consistem em capítulos que abrangem desde a mitologia até a história da dinastia Han. Sima Qian utilizou uma abordagem cronológica e biográfica, detalhando a vida de figuras proeminentes e eventos significativos. Sua obra não se limita a relatos factuais; ele também incluiu reflexões filosóficas e morais, o que a torna uma fonte rica para entender a mentalidade da época.
O impacto de Sima Qian na historiografia
A influência de Sima Qian na historiografia é inegável. Ele estabeleceu um padrão para historiadores posteriores, não a
Sima Qian
Sima Qian (Old Chinese: 司馬遷 *Sləmˤraʔ Tsʰar, Modern Chinese: 司马迁, pinyin: Sīmǎ Qiān, Wade-Giles: Ssu-ma Ch&#;ien) (Longmen, c. BCE - 90 BCE) was a Chinese astronomer, historian, and writer of the Han Dynasty, probably the most important of Ancient China. He is considered the founder of Chinese historiography.
His main work, Historical Memoirs, describes Chinese history from its mythical origins in BC. C. In the work, Qian tried to classify all the information that he had available, based on historical and generalized data, trying to understand the laws of history and the "road to heaven". The work has been cited as an important influence on later Chinese historians.
The son of a Chinese official under the Han Emperor Wu-Ti, Qian had access to key professional documentation, which together with the unfinished work of his father (who was also a historical scholar), enabled him to write his magnum opus..
He also excelled as a jurist defending General Li Ling when he was blamed for the failure of his campaign against the Xiongnu, which landed him in trouble with the Chinese monarch, who ord
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