By John France
The dead were scattered over the mountains and valleys, lying immobile on their sides &#; Hattin shrugged off their carcasses, and the perfume of victory was thick with the stench of them. ~ Imad al-Din, an eyewitness to the battle.
On July , Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and ruler of Syria and a vast empire extending into Iraq, destroyed the army of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem at Hattin, close to Tiberias in Galilee. He captured King Guy of Jerusalem and personally beheaded Raynald of Chatîllon, lord of Kerak, who had deeply offended Islam by attacking its holy cities in Arabia. Most of the noble and knightly prisoners were subsequently ransomed. Rank-and-file people were enslaved, to such an extent that their price at Damascus collapsed and one is said to have been traded for a pair of shoes. Two days later Saladin ordered that all captured members of the military-religious Orders of the Temple and Hospital should be executed by scholars and ascetics.
Since the cities of the kingdom had been stripped of men to raise the army that had gone down to its defeat, Saladin was soon able to capture the whole kingdom. In accounting for this disaster historians h
Reynald de Châtillon is often portrayed in history and historical fiction as a &#;rogue baron&#; &#; a violent, self-interested man who broke a truce with Salah-ad-Din triggering the campaign that ended in disaster for Christian forces at Hattin in In the Ridley Scott film &#;The Kingdom of Heaven&#; he is depicted even more negatively as a madman intent on making war. Yet the noted historian Bernard Hamilton has worked hard to rehabilitate Châtillon, arguing he was an intelligent strategist, who did much to save the Kingdom of Jerusalem rather than the reverse. Dr. Schrader provides a short summary of Châtillon&#;s life in the Holy Land.
Châtillon was born in , the younger son of a comparatively obscure French nobleman, the Sire of Donzy. William, Archbishop of Tyre, went so far as to describe his as &#;almost a common soldier,&#; but was undoubtedly going too far. It is fair, however, to call him an adventurer, who came to the Holy Land during the Second Crusade. Apparently, while Louis VII was worrying (probably unnecessarily) about his wife committing adultery with her uncle Raymond of Poitiers, Châtillon was busy seducing Raymond&#
Reinaldo de Châtillon
Raynald of Châtillon (francés: Renaud; c. – 4 de julio de ), también conocido como Reynald o Reginald, fue un caballero de origen francés que se convirtió en Príncipe de Antioquía de a o y Señor de Oultrejordain desde hasta su muerte. Nació el segundo hijo de una familia noble francesa. Tras perder parte de su patrimonio, se unió a la Segunda Cruzada en Se instaló en el Reino de Jerusalén y sirvió en el ejército real como mercenario.
Raynald se casó con Constance, la princesa reinante de Antioquía, en , a pesar de que sus súbditos&#; oposición. Siempre estaba necesitado de fondos. Capturó y torturó a Aimery de Limoges, patriarca latino de Antioquía, porque Aimery se había negado a pagarle un subsidio. Raynald lanzó una incursión de saqueo en Chipre en , causando una gran destrucción. Cuatro años más tarde, el emperador bizantino, Manuel I Comneno, llegó a Antioquía al frente de un gran ejército, lo que obligó a Raynald a suplicar su clemencia. Raynald hizo una incursión en el valle del río Éufrates en Marash para apoderarse del botín de los campesinos locales en o , pero fue capturado por el gobernador de Alepo.
Ray
Raynald of Châtillon
Raynald of Châtillon was a reckless and ambitious Crusader who gained notoriety for his cruelty and greed. Born in in a noble family in France, he lost a part of his patrimony and joined the Second Crusade in He settled in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and served in the royal army as a mercenary. In , he married Constance, the reigning Princess of Antioch, despite her subjects' opposition. Raynald was always in need of funds and he captured and tortured Aimery of Limoges, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, because Aimery had refused to pay a subsidy to him. This act earned him many enemies and marked the beginning of his notorious reputation.
Raynald's thirst for wealth and power led him to launch a plundering raid in Cyprus in , causing great destruction. Four years later, the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos came to Antioch at the head of a large army, forcing Raynald to beg for his mercy. Raynald made a raid in the valley of the river Euphrates at Marash to seize booty from the local peasants in or , but he was captured by the governor of Aleppo and held in prison until After his release for a large ransom, he did not return to Antioch because his wife ha
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