Geographia
The book that has earned Ptolemy the distinction as one of the giants in European geographic thought is the Geographia (also known by the name Cosmographia).
The text of the Geographia begins with a definition: "Geography is a representation in picture of the whole known world together with the phenomena which are contained therein" (Ptolemy , 25). This short definition has survived the testing of eighteen centuries!
Ptolemy defines "chorography" as mapping small areas: "selecting certain places from the whole" and which focuses down to farms, harbors, villages (Ptolemy , 25).
This book, written in the second century, was "lost" to scholars for over a century. When it was "rediscovered" at the beginning of the fifteenth century it became the authority for Renaissance mapmakers who used Ptolemy’s texts and the maps that were made following his directions in constructing their own maps. Ptolemy provided the model that mapmakers would use in their work. In his Geographia, Ptolemy stood on the shoulders of generations of scholars who preceded him.
It appears that once the world was seen through the eyes of the second century
Cosmographia
Colophon: Clavdii Ptolomei viri Alexandrini Cosmographie octavvs et vltimvs liber explicit opvs Donni Nicolai Germani secvndvm Ptolomevm finit. Anno M CCCC LXXXII. Avgvsti vero Kalendas. XVII. Imprssvm [sic] Vlme per ingeniosvm virvm Leonardvm Hol prefati oppidi civis
Latin translation by Jacopo d'Angelo; edited by Nicolaus Germanus
The first edition of Ptolemy printed in Germany and the first edition in which woodcut maps appear
Woodcuts: [4] diagrams, initials, [32] maps
The maps, double, except for the last, are on separate sheets, most of them with a descriptive text printed on the back within woodcut borders; these texts are known in several variants
"Maps redrawn, corrected and improved by Nicolaus Donis [i.e. Nicolaus Germanus] [who] also added the five modern maps, one of which contains the first printed representation of Greenland, laid down as a peninsula of northern Europe under the name of Engronelant."--Sabin,
At the top of the first map is a woodcut inscription: Insculptum est per Iohanne[m] Sch
Ptolemy’s Cosmography was rediscovered in the Humanist period in a Greek codex brought to Florence at the end of the 14th century, translated into Latin by Iacopo Angeli da Scarperia, and accompanied by accurate cartographic tables, in manuscripts and in the first incunabula. Leonardo records the book in his lists of books, and above all uses it as a model for the editorial project of the treatise on anatomy: the tables of the human body (the “minor world”) were to have resembled those of Ptolemy’s Cosmography.
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Ptolemy&#;s Texts
The first of Ptolemy's writings, Almagest, Arabic for "The Greatest," is the synthesis of his scientific theories about the universe, where a spherical earth resided in the center of a spherical heaven.
The book that earned Ptolemy the distinction as one of the giants in European geographic thought is the Geographia (also known by the name Cosmographia).
In addition to the Geographia and the Almagest, Ptolemy wrote important texts in astrology (Tetrabiblos), biography (a listing of Assyrian, Persian, Greek, and Roman kings), music, optics, and a work titled Planisphaerium, which describes placing a sphere on a flat surface. The original Greek text of the latter is lost, but is known from an Arabic translation made in about A.D. by an unknown translator. Three manuscripts, two of which are nearly identical, survive. The third is a different version, with diagrams (Kunitzsch , 5). The difference in manuscript texts is an example of the challenges of research on the writings of Ptolemy. How close are the surviving manuscripts to the original that was written by Ptolemy? This may remain unknown, but close analy
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