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Happy Birthday to Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia, who turns 40 today! The only son of Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia (the Head of the House of Romanov) and Prince Franz Wilhelm of Prussia, Grand Duke George born in Madrid, becoming a dynast of the House of Romanov not a Prince of Prussia, and his godparents include King Constantine II of Greece. Growing up in France then Spain, the Grand Duke was educated at Runnymede College in Madrid, D&#;Overbroeck&#;s College, Oxford and at St Benet&#;s Hall, Oxford. He has worked at the European Parliament in Brussels, at the European Commission&#;s Directorate-General for Atomic Energy and Securit in Luxembourg, as an aide to the Director General of MMC Norilsk Nickel, and chief executive of Metal Trade Overseas before establishing his own company, Romanoff & Partners, in Brussels. The Heir to the House of Romanov since death of his maternal grandfather Grand Duke Vladimir Cyrillovich in , Grand Duke George is involved with a range charitable and cultural projects across Russia, establishing the Russian Imperial Foundation for Cancer Research in In , the Grand Duke announced his e
Alexis Mikhailovich Romanov
Alexis Mikhailovich Romanov (), czar of Russia from to , was an extreme conservative, a devoted churchman, and a firm believer in the divine origin of his power.
Born on March 10 (O.S.), , in Moscow, Alexis was the son of Michael Romanov, the first of the dynasty which was to rule Russia until When Michael died in , Alexis, only 16 years of age, succeeded to the throne. Although his formal education had been rudimentary and had stopped when he was 10 years old, Alexis was actually well educated by Moscow standards and had literary pretensions, even trying his hand at writing poetry.
Alexis's reign was beset by many popular revolts, the most serious one in southeastern Russia under the Cossack leader Stenka Razin. Other outbreaks included an insurrection by monks of the Solovetskii Monastery and civil revolts in the cities of Pskov, Novgorod, and Moscow. Although Alexis suppressed the uprisings, he also took steps to improve administration and justice in order to quiet the general discontent. Of major importance was his introduction of a new legal code in Although a great improvement over its predecessors, the reform had the unfortunate result
Michael Romanov (Russia) (–; Ruled –)
MICHAEL ROMANOV (RUSSIA) (&#x;; ruled &#x;), tsar of Russia. Michael Fedorovich Romanov came to the throne in as the solution to the dynastic crisis of the Time of Troubles. The son of the important boyar Fedor Nikitich Romanov, whom Boris Godunov exiled in , Michael was only sixteen when the Assembly of the Land chose him as tsar on 21 February Michael, as grandson of the brother of Ivan the Terrible's first wife, had a tenuous link to the older dynasty, but he was primarily the choice of the boyar clans still in Moscow, the church, the Cossacks, and the townspeople. His father, tonsured in with the monastic name Filaret, was in prison in Poland in the early years of the reign, so the dominant force at court was at first his mother, the nun Marfa (born Kseniia Shestova, tonsured in ), who relied on the boyars B. M. and M. M. Saltykov as well as others. In those years the new regime secured peace with Sweden (Stolbovo, ) and Poland (Deulino, ), losing some border territory but reestablishing control over the remainder.
In the return of Filaret and his selection as patriarch of Moscow brought a powerful figure to the court. Filaret domin
Century of Rebellion; Years of Tsar Alexi
Tsar Alexis; Aleksei Mikhailovich; reigned from to He was succeeded by his son, Fedor III ( - ), then Ivan V () and, finally, by his youngest son, Peter the Great ( - ). Alexis had a total of sixteen children, by two wives, born between the late s and ca. Alexis' reign and personal thought was tormented with a conflict between a devotion to old Russian tradition and the new, emerging elements of Western Europe. Alexis considered Ivan the Terrible to be the perfect role model of a Russian ruler. However, Alexis broke with tradition by being the first Russian ruler to have realistic images painted of him and made and signed laws in his own hand. History notes Alexis' most important accomplishments to have been the, so called, unification of Russia and Ukraine and the strengthening of Russia's southern border against the threat of the Crimean Tatars.
Tsar Michael (Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov), Alexis' father, was the first Romanov ruler. Michael employed the services of one B. I. Morozov. At his father's request, Alexis did the same. Morozov was a wealthy and powerful land owner with some 55, peasants and countless mills t
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